Example of white horses that are thought to be a horse in the Yi jing (I Ching) 易经 (易經)

The discovery this logic is not made by the logicians, the school of names 名家, but probably earlier by the writer(s) of the Yi jing, a line爻yao of a hexagram 卦gua have not a meaning of another exact same line, in the same position, but in a different hexagram; it has a complete different meaning.

Why not use The Yi Jing to explain errors made by not paying attention to this logic?

The hexagram 1-乾 qian and 2-坤 kun do not represent yin and yang; They may be classified as yang and yin respectively but, as a white horse can be classified as horse, may represent something quite different. One of the eight Trigram 八卦 bagua has not the same meaning of other same trigram in the same location. Two trigrams cannot have the same meaning as a single trigram. Two horses are different than a horse. A reverse or inverse or other pattern has no correlation with the other hexagram in any way. A hexagram formed by two trigrams has not the same meaning of that trigram: one horse plus one horse is not equal two horses (the hexagram 30-離li have a different meaning then the trigram li, fire火).

A white horse is not a horse白馬非馬 (白马非马)

What seems one of that non-sense dialogues of oriental philosophy, of a school of that is even not well heard, has one of the most important lessons of Chinese thinking: The whole is more than the sum of its parts. We cannot take a part of the horses (the white ones) and compare with the whole, all the horses. If we want a black horse for night sneak attack this will be different from having a horse, because a horse is horses of various colors. You could obtain a white horse which is completely different than what you need: a white horse are not a horse. Sometimes, as we can see, it can be the opposite of the desired: a white horse can be quite different than a horse.